1. What is civil litigation?
Civil litigation is a legal process where two or more parties seek resolution of a non-criminal dispute in a court of law. Typical cases include contract disputes, property issues, personal injury claims, and employment disagreements.
2. How does a civil case begin?
A civil case starts when the plaintiff files a complaint with the court, stating the allegations and legal basis for the claim. The defendant is then served with a summons to respond.
3. What happens after a complaint is filed?
The defendant must file an answer, admitting or denying the allegations. This stage may also include motions to dismiss or counterclaims by the defendant.
4. What is the discovery process?
Discovery is a pre-trial phase where both parties exchange information and gather evidence. Common methods include:
Depositions (sworn testimony recorded out of court)
Interrogatories (written questions)
Also read:
- https://legalaceguide.com/6-key-questions-about-filing-civil-cases-simplified/
- https://legalaceguide.com/20-frequently-asked-questions-about-civil-remedies-explained/
- https://legalaceguide.com/8-questions-to-understand-the-basics-of-tort-law/
Requests for documents or admissions.
5. What are motions in civil litigation?
Motions are formal requests to the court. Examples include:
Motion to dismiss (terminate the case early)
Motion for summary judgment (resolve the case without trial based on evidence)
Motion to compel (force a party to comply with discovery).
6. Must all civil cases be tried?
No, most civil disputes settle or are resolved through other ADR such as mediation or arbitration before being tried.
7. How long does it take to try a civil case?
The length of time to try a case is determined by the complexity of the case, jurisdiction and court schedule. Simple cases can resolve in a few months while complex cases take years.
8. What occurs during a trial?
During trial:
Both sides present evidence and arguments.
Witnesses may be called to testify.
A judge or jury considers the evidence and delivers a verdict.
9. How do I appeal a civil judgment?
Yes, if you believe there was legal error in the trial. Appeals are reviewed by a higher court, but generally, they address procedural or legal issues, not re-examining facts.
10. How is a judgment enforced?
If the court grants damages, the winning party can use legal tools such as wage garnishment, property liens, or bank levies to enforce the judgment if the losing party does not voluntarily comply.
